Migration has long been part of the Nigerian middle-class psyche, driven by factors such as high unemployment, security concerns, infrastructure gaps, and poor governance. Recently, the “Japa syndrome” has intensified, particularly among young Nigerians, catalyzed by events like the violent end to the 2020 #EndSARS protests against police brutality.
In 2022, a significant 70% of Nigerians aged 18-35 expressed a desire to relocate if given the opportunity, a sharp increase from 39% across all age groups in 2019. This sentiment is reflected in the rise of new or renewed passports, which nearly doubled from one million in 2021 to 1.9 million in 2022.
Education is a primary migration pathway, with the UK and Canada being popular destinations. The number of Nigerian students in the UK surged from 6,798 in 2017 to 59,053 in 2022. Similarly, Canada saw an increase in study permits issued to Nigerians from 12,565 in 2017 to 37,314 in 2022.
Japa: More Than Migration The term “japa,” derived from the Yoruba expression já pa, meaning “to run” or “to flee,” encapsulates the desperation and urgency felt by many young Nigerians. It signifies more than migration; it reflects an existential worry about Nigeria’s future and a refusal to endure the current socio-economic and political conditions.
Key Motivations:
- Economic Instability: Many young Nigerians are disillusioned by the interruptions to their education and the significant depreciation of the naira.
- Safety and Security: The lingering effects of events like the #EndSARS protests have intensified the urgency to leave.
- Future Prospects: Many see better opportunities for themselves and their families abroad.
Effects of Japa:
The phenomenon has led to significant changes in social dynamics. Secrecy surrounding migration plans for security or personal reasons has become common, leading to feelings of betrayal and solitude among those left behind. Additionally, there is growing pressure on those who stay to leave, even if they are content in Nigeria.
Government Response:
The Nigerian government, including President Bola Tinubu, has expressed concern over the brain drain. However, addressing the deeper emotional and symbolic reasons for this migration is crucial. Youth feel disconnected from the values and ethos represented by the current leadership, intensifying their desire to leave.
For a more detailed analysis, read the full article by Jing Jing Liu, Assistant Professor of Anthropology at MacEwan University, on The Conversation.
Source: Jing Jing Liu, The Conversation.
